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93 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
93 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
# PostgreSQL Docker Upgrade: Major Version Migration
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This guide explains how to safely upgrade a PostgreSQL Docker container from one major version to another (e.g., version 12 to 16) using a **dump and restore** method. This is the recommended approach in Docker environments.
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---
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## ⚠️ Important
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PostgreSQL data directories are **not compatible across major versions**. You cannot just point a newer version to the old data volume. You must export and re-import your data.
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---
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## 💾 Step 1: Start a temporary container with your current PostgreSQL version
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Replace `<old-version>` with your current PostgreSQL version (e.g., `12`).
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```bash
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docker run --rm -d \
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--name pg-old \
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-v pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data \
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postgres:<old-version>
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```
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This container mounts your old data volume and runs the matching PostgreSQL version.
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---
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## ⬇️ Step 2: Dump all databases
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```bash
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docker exec pg-old pg_dumpall -U postgres > backup.sql
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```
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Stop the old container:
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```bash
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docker stop pg-old
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```
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---
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## 💥 Step 3: Remove the old data volume
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```bash
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docker volume rm pgdata
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```
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⚠️ This will permanently delete your old PostgreSQL data files. Make sure you have a successful backup (`backup.sql`) before running this!
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---
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## 📦 Step 4: Start a new container with your target PostgreSQL version
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Replace `<new-version>` with the version you want to upgrade to (e.g., `16`).
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```bash
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docker run --rm -d \
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--name pg-new \
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-v pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data \
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-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secret \
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postgres:<new-version>
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```
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This creates a clean PostgreSQL instance with a fresh data directory.
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---
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## ⬆️ Step 5: Restore your data
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```bash
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cat backup.sql | docker exec -i pg-new psql -U postgres
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```
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This restores all roles, databases, and data into your new PostgreSQL instance.
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---
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## ✅ Done!
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You now have the target PostgreSQL version running with your old data successfully restored.
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---
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## 📝 Tips
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- Always test this procedure in a staging environment before running it in production.
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- You can automate this with Ansible or a custom script.
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- For large databases, consider using `pg_dump` per database and `pg_restore` with parallel jobs.
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---
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## 🔗 References
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- [PostgreSQL Backup Documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/backup-dump.html)
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- [PostgreSQL Docker Image](https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres)
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