mirror of
https://github.com/kevinveenbirkenbach/docker-volume-backup.git
synced 2024-10-31 23:33:11 +01:00
210 lines
8.5 KiB
Python
210 lines
8.5 KiB
Python
#!/bin/python
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# Backups volumes of running containers
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import subprocess
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import os
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import re
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import pathlib
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import pandas
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from datetime import datetime
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class BackupException(Exception):
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"""Generic exception for backup errors."""
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pass
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def execute_shell_command(command):
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"""Execute a shell command and return its output."""
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print(command)
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process = subprocess.Popen([command], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
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out, err = process.communicate()
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if process.returncode != 0:
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raise BackupException(f"Error in command: {command}\nOutput: {out}\nError: {err}\nExit code: {process.returncode}")
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return [line.decode("utf-8") for line in out.splitlines()]
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def get_machine_id():
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"""Get the machine identifier."""
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return execute_shell_command("sha256sum /etc/machine-id")[0][0:64]
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def create_version_directory(base_dir, machine_id, repository_name, backup_time):
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"""Create necessary directories for backup."""
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version_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, machine_id, repository_name, backup_time)
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pathlib.Path(version_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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return version_dir
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def get_instance(container):
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instance_name = re.split("(_|-)(database|db|postgres)", container)[0]
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print(f"Extracted instance name: {instance_name}")
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return instance_name
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def backup_database(container, databases, volume_dir, db_type):
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"""Backup database (MariaDB or PostgreSQL) if applicable."""
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print(f"Starting database backup for {container} using {db_type}...")
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instance_name = get_instance(container)
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# Filter the DataFrame for the given instance_name
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database_entries = databases.loc[databases['instance'] == instance_name]
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# Check if there are more than one entries
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if len(database_entries) > 1:
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raise BackupException(f"More than one entry found for instance '{instance_name}'")
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# Check if there is no entry
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if database_entries.empty:
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raise BackupException(f"No entry found for instance '{instance_name}'")
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# Get the first (and only) entry
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database_entry = database_entries.iloc[0]
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backup_destination_dir = os.path.join(volume_dir, "sql")
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pathlib.Path(backup_destination_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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backup_destination_file = os.path.join(backup_destination_dir, f"backup.sql")
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if db_type == 'mariadb':
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backup_command = f"docker exec {container} /usr/bin/mariadb-dump -u {database_entry['username']} -p{database_entry['password']} {database_entry['database']} > {backup_destination_file}"
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elif db_type == 'postgres':
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if database_entry['password']:
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# Include PGPASSWORD in the command when a password is provided
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backup_command = (
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f"PGPASSWORD={database_entry['password']} docker exec -i {container} "
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f"pg_dump -U {database_entry['username']} -d {database_entry['database']} "
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f"-h localhost > {backup_destination_file}"
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)
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else:
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# Exclude PGPASSWORD and use --no-password when the password is empty
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backup_command = (
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f"docker exec -i {container} pg_dump -U {database_entry['username']} "
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f"-d {database_entry['database']} -h localhost --no-password "
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f"> {backup_destination_file}"
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)
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execute_shell_command(backup_command)
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print(f"Database backup for {container} completed.")
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def get_last_backup_dir(versions_dir, volume_name):
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"""Get the most recent backup directory for the specified volume."""
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versions = sorted(os.listdir(versions_dir), reverse=True)
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for version in versions:
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backup_dir = os.path.join(versions_dir, version, volume_name, "files")
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if os.path.isdir(backup_dir):
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return backup_dir
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return None
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def backup_volume(volume_name, volume_dir, versions_dir):
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"""Backup files of a volume with incremental backups."""
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print(f"Starting backup routine for volume: {volume_name}")
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files_rsync_destination_path = os.path.join(volume_dir, "files")
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pathlib.Path(files_rsync_destination_path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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last_backup_dir = get_last_backup_dir(versions_dir, volume_name)
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link_dest_option = f"--link-dest='{last_backup_dir}'" if last_backup_dir else ""
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source_dir = f"/var/lib/docker/volumes/{volume_name}/_data/"
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rsync_command = f"rsync -abP --delete --delete-excluded {link_dest_option} {source_dir} {files_rsync_destination_path}"
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execute_shell_command(rsync_command)
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print(f"Backup routine for volume: {volume_name} completed.")
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def get_image_info(container):
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return execute_shell_command(f"docker inspect {container} | jq -r '.[].Config.Image'")
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def has_image(container,image):
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"""Check if the container is using the image"""
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image_info = get_image_info(container)
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return image in image_info[0]
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def stop_containers(containers):
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"""Stop a list of containers."""
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for container in containers:
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print(f"Stopping container {container}...")
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execute_shell_command(f"docker stop {container}")
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def start_containers(containers):
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"""Start a list of stopped containers."""
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for container in containers:
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print(f"Starting container {container}...")
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execute_shell_command(f"docker start {container}")
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def get_container_with_image(containers,image):
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for container in containers:
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if has_image(container,image):
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return container
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return False
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def is_image_whitelisted(container, images):
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"""Check if the container's image is one of the whitelisted images."""
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image_info = get_image_info(container)
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container_image = image_info[0]
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for image in images:
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if image in container_image:
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return True
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return False
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def is_any_image_not_whitelisted(containers, images):
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"""Check if any of the containers are using images that are not whitelisted."""
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return any(not is_image_whitelisted(container, images) for container in containers)
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def create_volume_directory(version_dir,volume_name):
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"""Create necessary directories for backup."""
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volume_dir = os.path.join(version_dir, volume_name)
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pathlib.Path(volume_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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return volume_dir
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def backup_routine_for_volume(volume_name, containers, databases, version_dir, whitelisted_images):
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"""Perform backup routine for a given volume."""
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for container in containers:
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volume_dir = create_volume_directory(version_dir,volume_name)
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if has_image(container, 'mariadb'):
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backup_database(container, databases, volume_dir, 'mariadb')
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elif has_image(container, 'postgres'):
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backup_database(container, databases, volume_dir, 'postgres')
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else:
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# Backup without start, stop to keep downtime low
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backup_volume(volume_name, volume_dir, version_dir)
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if is_any_image_not_whitelisted(containers, whitelisted_images):
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stop_containers(containers)
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backup_volume(volume_name, volume_dir, version_dir)
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start_containers(containers)
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def main():
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print('Start backup routine...')
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dirname = os.path.dirname(__file__)
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repository_name = os.path.basename(dirname)
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machine_id = get_machine_id()
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backups_dir = '/Backups/'
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backup_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
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version_dir = create_version_directory(backups_dir, machine_id, repository_name, backup_time)
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print('Start volume backups...')
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databases = pandas.read_csv(os.path.join(dirname, "databases.csv"), sep=";")
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volume_names = execute_shell_command("docker volume ls --format '{{.Name}}'")
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# This whitelist is configurated for https://github.com/kevinveenbirkenbach/backup-docker-to-local
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stop_and_restart_not_needed = [
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# 'baserow', Doesn't use an extra database
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'element',
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'gitea',
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'listmonk',
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'mastodon',
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'matomo',
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'memcached',
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'nextcloud',
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'openproject',
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'pixelfed',
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'redis',
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'wordpress'
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]
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for volume_name in volume_names:
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print(f'Start backup routine for volume: {volume_name}')
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containers = execute_shell_command(f"docker ps --filter volume=\"{volume_name}\" --format '{{{{.Names}}}}'")
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if not containers:
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print('Skipped due to no running containers using this volume.')
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continue
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backup_routine_for_volume(volume_name, containers, databases, version_dir, stop_and_restart_not_needed)
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print('Finished volume backups.')
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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