Release version 1.1.1

- Change DB backup helpers to return whether a dump was actually produced
- Detect DB containers without successful dumps in --dump-only mode
- Fallback to file backups with a warning instead of skipping silently
- Refactor DB dump logic to return boolean status
- Add E2E test covering dump-only fallback when databases.csv entry is missing

https://chatgpt.com/share/6951a659-2b0c-800f-aafa-3e89ae1eb697

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+name: CI (make tests, stable, publish)
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["**"]
+    tags: ["v*.*.*"]   # SemVer tags like v1.2.3
+  pull_request:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write      # push/update 'stable' tag
+  packages: write      # push to GHCR
+
+env:
+  IMAGE_NAME: baudolo
+  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
+  IMAGE_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: make test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Show docker info
+        run: |
+          docker version
+          docker info
+
+      - name: Run all tests via Makefile
+        run: |
+          make test
+
+      - name: Upload E2E artifacts (always)
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: e2e-artifacts
+          path: artifacts
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  stable_and_publish:
+    name: Mark stable + publish image (SemVer tags only)
+    needs: [test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout (full history for tags)
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Derive version from tag
+        id: ver
+        run: |
+          TAG="${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}"   # v1.2.3
+          echo "tag=${TAG}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Mark 'stable' git tag (force update)
+        run: |
+          git config user.name  "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+          git tag -f stable "${GITHUB_SHA}"
+          git push -f origin stable
+
+      - name: Login to GHCR
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Build image (Makefile)
+        run: |
+          make build
+
+      - name: Tag image for registry
+        run: |
+          # local image built by Makefile is: baudolo:local
+          docker tag "${IMAGE_NAME}:local" "${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_REPO}:${{ steps.ver.outputs.tag }}"
+          docker tag "${IMAGE_NAME}:local" "${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_REPO}:stable"
+          docker tag "${IMAGE_NAME}:local" "${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_REPO}:sha-${GITHUB_SHA::12}"
+
+      - name: Push image
+        run: |
+          docker push "${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_REPO}:${{ steps.ver.outputs.tag }}"
+          docker push "${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_REPO}:stable"
+          docker push "${REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_REPO}:sha-${GITHUB_SHA::12}"

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 __pycache__
 artifacts/
+*.egg-info
+dist/

.travis.yml

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-language: shell
-script: shellcheck $(find . -type f -name '*.sh')

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+## [1.1.1] - 2025-12-28
+
+* * **Backup:** In ***--dump-only*** mode, fall back to file backups with a warning when no database dump can be produced (e.g. missing `databases.csv` entry).
+
+
+## [1.1.0] - 2025-12-28
+
+* * **Backup:** Log a warning and skip database dumps when no databases.csv entry is present instead of raising an exception; introduce module-level logging and apply formatting cleanups across backup/restore code and tests.
+* **CLI:** Switch to an FHS-compliant default backup directory (/var/lib/backup) and use a stable default repository name instead of dynamic detection.
+* **Maintenance:** Update mirror configuration and ignore generated .egg-info files.
+
+
+## [1.0.0] - 2025-12-27
+
+* Official Release 🥳
+

MIRRORS

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+git@github.com:kevinveenbirkenbach/backup-docker-to-local.git
+ssh://git@git.veen.world:2201/kevinveenbirkenbach/backup-docker-to-local.git
+ssh://git@code.infinito.nexus:2201/kevinveenbirkenbach/backup-docker-to-local.git
+https://pypi.org/project/backup-docker-to-local/

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-.PHONY: install build test-e2e
+.PHONY: install build \
+		test-e2e test test-unit test-integration
 
 # Default python if no venv is active
 PY_DEFAULT ?= python3
@@ -42,3 +43,15 @@ clean:
 # - runs the unittest suite inside a container that talks to DinD via DOCKER_HOST
 test-e2e: clean build
 	@bash scripts/test-e2e.sh
+
+test: test-unit test-integration test-e2e
+
+test-unit: clean build
+	@echo ">> Running unit tests"
+	@docker run --rm -t $(IMAGE) \
+	  sh -lc 'python -m unittest discover -t . -s tests/unit -p "test_*.py" -v'
+
+test-integration: clean build
+	@echo ">> Running integration tests"
+	@docker run --rm -t $(IMAGE) \
+	  sh -lc 'python -m unittest discover -t . -s tests/integration -p "test_*.py" -v'

README.md

@@ -1,80 +1,196 @@
-# Backup Docker Volumes to Local (baudolo) 📦🔄
+# baudolo – Deterministic Backup & Restore for Docker Volumes 📦🔄
-[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/badge/Sponsor-GitHub%20Sponsors-blue?logo=github)](https://github.com/sponsors/kevinveenbirkenbach) [![Patreon](https://img.shields.io/badge/Support-Patreon-orange?logo=patreon)](https://www.patreon.com/c/kevinveenbirkenbach) [![Buy Me a Coffee](https://img.shields.io/badge/Buy%20me%20a%20Coffee-Funding-yellow?logo=buymeacoffee)](https://buymeacoffee.com/kevinveenbirkenbach) [![PayPal](https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-PayPal-blue?logo=paypal)](https://s.veen.world/paypaldonate)
+[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/badge/Sponsor-GitHub%20Sponsors-blue?logo=github)](https://github.com/sponsors/kevinveenbirkenbach) [![Patreon](https://img.shields.io/badge/Support-Patreon-orange?logo=patreon)](https://www.patreon.com/c/kevinveenbirkenbach) [![Buy Me a Coffee](https://img.shields.io/badge/Buy%20me%20a%20Coffee-Funding-yellow?logo=buymeacoffee)](https://buymeacoffee.com/kevinveenbirkenbach) [![PayPal](https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-PayPal-blue?logo=paypal)](https://s.veen.world/paypaldonate) [![License: AGPL v3](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-AGPL%20v3-blue.svg)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0) [![Docker Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/Docker-Yes-blue.svg)](https://www.docker.com) [![Python Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-3.x-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/kevinveenbirkenbach/backup-docker-to-local.svg?style=social)](https://github.com/kevinveenbirkenbach/backup-docker-to-local/stargazers)
 
 
-**Backup Docker Volumes to Local** is a set of Python and shell scripts that enable you to perform incremental backups of all your Docker volumes using rsync. It is designed to integrate seamlessly with [Kevin's Package Manager](https://github.com/kevinveenbirkenbach/package-manager) under the alias **baudolo**, making it easy to install and manage. The tool supports both file and database recoveries with a clear, automated backup scheme.
+`baudolo` is a backup and restore system for Docker volumes with
+**mandatory file backups** and **explicit, deterministic database dumps**.
+It is designed for environments with many Docker services where:
+- file-level backups must always exist
+- database dumps must be intentional, predictable, and auditable
 
-[![License: AGPL v3](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-AGPL%20v3-blue.svg)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0) [![Docker Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/Docker-Yes-blue.svg)](https://www.docker.com) [![Python Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-3.x-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/kevinveenbirkenbach/backup-docker-to-local.svg?style=social)](https://github.com/kevinveenbirkenbach/backup-docker-to-local/stargazers)
+## ✨ Key Features
 
-## 🎯 Goal
+- 📦 Incremental Docker volume backups using `rsync --link-dest`
+- 🗄 Optional SQL dumps for:
+  - PostgreSQL
+  - MariaDB / MySQL
+- 🌱 Explicit database definition for SQL backups (no auto-discovery)
+- 🧾 Backup integrity stamping via `dirval` (Python API)
+- ⏸ Automatic container stop/start when required for consistency
+- 🚫 Whitelisting of containers that do not require stopping
+- ♻️ Modular, maintainable Python architecture
 
-This project automates the backup of Docker volumes using incremental backups (rsync) and supports recovering both files and database dumps (MariaDB/PostgreSQL). A robust directory stamping mechanism ensures data integrity, and the tool also handles restarting Docker Compose services when necessary.
 
-## 🚀 Features
+## 🧠 Core Concept (Important!)
 
-- **Incremental Backups:** Uses rsync with `--link-dest` for efficient, versioned backups.
+`baudolo` **separates file backups from database dumps**.
-- **Database Backup Support:** Backs up MariaDB and PostgreSQL databases from running containers.
-- **Volume Recovery:** Provides scripts to recover volumes and databases from backups.
-- **Docker Compose Integration:** Option to automatically restart Docker Compose services after backup.
-- **Flexible Configuration:** Easily integrated with your Docker environment with minimal setup.
-- **Comprehensive Logging:** Detailed command output and error handling for safe operations.
 
-## 🛠 Requirements
+- **Docker volumes are always backed up at file level**
+- **SQL dumps are created only for explicitly defined databases**
 
-- **Linux Operating System** (with Docker installed) 🐧
+This results in the following behavior:
-- **Python 3.x** 🐍
-- **Docker & Docker Compose** 🔧
-- **rsync** installed on your system
 
-## 📥 Installation
+| Database defined | File backup | SQL dump |
+|------------------|-------------|----------|
+| No               | ✔ yes       | ✘ no     |
+| Yes              | ✔ yes       | ✔ yes    |
 
-You can install **Backup Docker Volumes to Local** easily via [Kevin's Package Manager](https://github.com/kevinveenbirkenbach/package-manager) using the alias **baudolo**:
+## 📁 Backup Layout
 
-```bash
+Backups are stored in a deterministic, fully nested structure:
-pkgmgr install baudolo
+
+```text
+<backups-dir>/
+└── <machine-hash>/
+    └── <repo-name>/
+        └── <timestamp>/
+            └── <volume-name>/
+                ├── files/
+                └── sql/
+                    └── <database>.backup.sql
 ```
 
-Alternatively, clone the repository directly:
+### Meaning of each level
+
+* `<machine-hash>`
+  SHA256 hash of `/etc/machine-id` (host separation)
+
+* `<repo-name>`
+  Logical backup namespace (project / stack)
+
+* `<timestamp>`
+  Backup generation (`YYYYMMDDHHMMSS`)
+
+* `<volume-name>`
+  Docker volume name
+
+* `files/`
+  Incremental file backup (rsync)
+
+* `sql/`
+  Optional SQL dumps (only for defined databases)
+
+## 🚀 Installation
+
+### Local (editable install)
 
 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/kevinveenbirkenbach/backup-docker-to-local.git
+python3 -m venv .venv
-cd backup-docker-to-local
+source .venv/bin/activate
+pip install -e .
 ```
 
-## 🚀 Usage
+## 🌱 Database Definition (SQL Backup Scope)
 
-### Backup All Volumes
+### How SQL backups are defined
 
-To backup all Docker volumes, simply run:
+`baudolo` creates SQL dumps **only** for databases that are **explicitly defined**
+via configuration (e.g. a databases definition file or seeding step).
+
+If a database is **not defined**:
+
+* its Docker volume is still backed up (files)
+* **no SQL dump is created**
+
+> No database definition → file backup only
+> Database definition present → file backup + SQL dump
+
+### Why explicit definition?
+
+`baudolo` does **not** inspect running containers to guess databases.
+
+Databases must be explicitly defined to guarantee:
+
+* deterministic backups
+* predictable restore behavior
+* reproducible environments
+* zero accidental production data exposure
+
+### Required database metadata
+
+Each database definition provides:
+
+* database instance (container or logical instance)
+* database name
+* database user
+* database password
+
+This information is used by `baudolo` to execute
+`pg_dump`, `pg_dumpall`, or `mariadb-dump`.
+
+## 💾 Running a Backup
 
 ```bash
-./backup-docker-to-local.sh
+baudolo \
+  --compose-dir /srv/docker \
+  --databases-csv /etc/baudolo/databases.csv \
+  --database-containers central-postgres central-mariadb \
+  --images-no-stop-required alpine postgres mariadb mysql \
+  --images-no-backup-required redis busybox
 ```
 
-### Recovery
+### Common Backup Flags
 
-#### Recover Volume Files
+| Flag            | Description                                 |
+| --------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
+| `--everything`  | Always stop containers and re-run rsync     |
+| `--dump-only`   | Only create SQL dumps, skip file backups    |
+| `--shutdown`    | Do not restart containers after backup      |
+| `--backups-dir` | Backup root directory (default: `/Backups`) |
+| `--repo-name`   | Backup namespace under machine hash         |
+
+## ♻️ Restore Operations
+
+### Restore Volume Files
 
 ```bash
-bash ./recover-docker-from-local.sh "{{volume_name}}" "$(sha256sum /etc/machine-id | head -c 64)" "{{version_to_recover}}"
+baudolo-restore files \
+  my-volume \
+  <machine-hash> \
+  <version> \
+  --backups-dir /Backups \
+  --repo-name my-repo
 ```
 
-#### Recover Database
+Restore into a **different target volume**:
-
-For example, to recover a MySQL/MariaDB database:
 
 ```bash
-docker exec -i mysql_container mysql -uroot -psecret database < db.sql
+baudolo-restore files \
+  target-volume \
+  <machine-hash> \
+  <version> \
+  --source-volume source-volume
 ```
 
-#### Debug Mode
+### Restore PostgreSQL
-
-To inspect what’s happening inside a container:
 
 ```bash
-docker run -it --entrypoint /bin/sh --rm --volumes-from {{container_name}} -v /Backups/:/Backups/ kevinveenbirkenbach/alpine-rsync
+baudolo-restore postgres \
+  my-volume \
+  <machine-hash> \
+  <version> \
+  --container postgres \
+  --db-name appdb \
+  --db-password secret \
+  --empty
 ```
 
+### Restore MariaDB / MySQL
+
+```bash
+baudolo-restore mariadb \
+  my-volume \
+  <machine-hash> \
+  <version> \
+  --container mariadb \
+  --db-name shopdb \
+  --db-password secret \
+  --empty
+```
+
+> `baudolo` automatically detects whether `mariadb` or `mysql`
+> is available inside the container
+
 ## 🔍 Backup Scheme
 
 The backup mechanism uses incremental backups with rsync and stamps directories with a unique hash. For more details on the backup scheme, check out [this blog post](https://blog.veen.world/blog/2020/12/26/how-i-backup-dedicated-root-servers/).  

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "backup-docker-to-local"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 description = "Backup Docker volumes to local with rsync and optional DB dumps."
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.9"
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [project.scripts]
 baudolo = "baudolo.backup.__main__:main"
 baudolo-restore = "baudolo.restore.__main__:main"
-baudolo-configure = "baudolo.configure.__main__:main"
+baudolo-seed = "baudolo.seed.__main__:main"
 
 [tool.setuptools]
 package-dir = { "" = "src" }

src/baudolo/backup/app.py

@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ def is_image_ignored(container: str, images_no_backup_required: list[str]) -> bo
     return any(pat in img for pat in images_no_backup_required)
 
 
-def volume_is_fully_ignored(containers: list[str], images_no_backup_required: list[str]) -> bool:
+def volume_is_fully_ignored(
+    containers: list[str], images_no_backup_required: list[str]
+) -> bool:
     """
     Skip file backup only if all containers linked to the volume are ignored.
     """
@@ -70,28 +72,27 @@ def requires_stop(containers: list[str], images_no_stop_required: list[str]) ->
             return True
     return False
 
-
 def backup_mariadb_or_postgres(
     *,
     container: str,
     volume_dir: str,
     databases_df: "pandas.DataFrame",
     database_containers: list[str],
-) -> bool:
+) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
     """
-    Returns True if the container is a DB container we handled.
+    Returns (is_db_container, dumped_any)
     """
     for img in ["mariadb", "postgres"]:
         if has_image(container, img):
-            backup_database(
+            dumped = backup_database(
                 container=container,
                 volume_dir=volume_dir,
                 db_type=img,
                 databases_df=databases_df,
                 database_containers=database_containers,
             )
-            return True
+            return True, dumped
-    return False
+    return False, False
 
 
 def _backup_dumps_for_volume(
@@ -100,21 +101,26 @@ def _backup_dumps_for_volume(
     vol_dir: str,
     databases_df: "pandas.DataFrame",
     database_containers: list[str],
-) -> bool:
+) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
     """
-    Create DB dumps for any mariadb/postgres containers attached to this volume.
+    Returns (found_db_container, dumped_any)
-    Returns True if at least one dump was produced.
     """
+    found_db = False
     dumped_any = False
+
     for c in containers:
-        if backup_mariadb_or_postgres(
+        is_db, dumped = backup_mariadb_or_postgres(
             container=c,
             volume_dir=vol_dir,
             databases_df=databases_df,
             database_containers=database_containers,
-        ):
+        )
+        if is_db:
+            found_db = True
+        if dumped:
             dumped_any = True
-    return dumped_any
+
+    return found_db, dumped_any
 
 
 def main() -> int:
@@ -136,17 +142,25 @@ def main() -> int:
 
         vol_dir = create_volume_directory(version_dir, volume_name)
             
-        # Old behavior: DB dumps are additional to file backups.
+        found_db, dumped_any = _backup_dumps_for_volume(
-        _backup_dumps_for_volume(
             containers=containers,
             vol_dir=vol_dir,
             databases_df=databases_df,
             database_containers=args.database_containers,
         )
 
-        # dump-only: skip ALL file rsync backups
+        # dump-only logic:
         if args.dump_only:
-            continue
+            if found_db and not dumped_any:
+                print(
+                    f"WARNING: dump-only requested but no DB dump was produced for DB volume '{volume_name}'. Falling back to file backup.",
+                    flush=True,
+                )
+                # continue to file backup below
+            else:
+                # keep old behavior: skip file backups
+                continue
+
 
         # skip file backup if all linked containers are ignored
         if volume_is_fully_ignored(containers, args.images_no_backup_required):
@@ -178,6 +192,8 @@ def main() -> int:
     print("Finished volume backups.", flush=True)
 
     print("Handling Docker Compose services...", flush=True)
-    handle_docker_compose_services(args.compose_dir, args.docker_compose_hard_restart_required)
+    handle_docker_compose_services(
+        args.compose_dir, args.docker_compose_hard_restart_required
+    )
 
     return 0

src/baudolo/backup/cli.py

@@ -2,22 +2,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
 import os
-from pathlib import Path
-
-
-def _default_repo_name() -> str:
-    """
-    Derive the repository name from the folder that contains `src/`.
-
-    Expected layout:
-      <repo-root>/src/baudolo/backup/cli.py
-
-    => parents[0]=backup, [1]=baudolo, [2]=src, [3]=repo-root
-    """
-    try:
-        return Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3].name
-    except Exception:
-        return "backup-docker-to-local"
 
 
 def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
@@ -41,7 +25,7 @@ def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
 
     p.add_argument(
         "--repo-name",
-        default=_default_repo_name(),
+        default="backup-docker-to-local",
         help="Backup repo folder name under <backups-dir>/<machine-id>/ (default: git repo folder name)",
     )
     p.add_argument(
@@ -51,8 +35,8 @@ def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
     )
     p.add_argument(
         "--backups-dir",
-        default="/Backups",
+        default="/var/lib/backup/",
-        help="Backup root directory (default: /Backups)",
+        help="Backup root directory (default: /var/lib/backup/)",
     )
 
     p.add_argument(

src/baudolo/backup/compose.py

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ def hard_restart_docker_services(dir_path: str) -> None:
     subprocess.run(["docker-compose", "up", "-d"], cwd=dir_path, check=True)
 
 
-def handle_docker_compose_services(parent_directory: str, hard_restart_required: list[str]) -> None:
+def handle_docker_compose_services(
+    parent_directory: str, hard_restart_required: list[str]
+) -> None:
     for entry in os.scandir(parent_directory):
         if not entry.is_dir():
             continue

src/baudolo/backup/db.py

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import pathlib
 import re
-
+import logging
 import pandas
 
 from .shell import BackupException, execute_shell_command
 
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 def get_instance(container: str, database_containers: list[str]) -> str:
     if container in database_containers:
@@ -30,19 +32,25 @@ def backup_database(
     db_type: str,
     databases_df: "pandas.DataFrame",
     database_containers: list[str],
-) -> None:
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns True if at least one dump file was produced, else False.
+    """
     instance_name = get_instance(container, database_containers)
     entries = databases_df.loc[databases_df["instance"] == instance_name]
     if entries.empty:
-        raise BackupException(f"No entry found for instance '{instance_name}'")
+        log.warning("No entry found for instance '%s' (skipping DB dump)", instance_name)
+        return False
 
     out_dir = os.path.join(volume_dir, "sql")
     pathlib.Path(out_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
-    for row in entries.iloc:
+    produced = False
-        db_name = row["database"]
+
-        user = row["username"]
+    for row in entries.itertuples(index=False):
-        password = row["password"]
+        db_name = row.database
+        user = row.username
+        password = row.password
 
         dump_file = os.path.join(out_dir, f"{db_name}.backup.sql")
 
@@ -52,13 +60,15 @@ def backup_database(
                 f"-u {user} -p{password} {db_name} > {dump_file}"
             )
             execute_shell_command(cmd)
+            produced = True
             continue
 
         if db_type == "postgres":
             cluster_file = os.path.join(out_dir, f"{instance_name}.cluster.backup.sql")
+
             if not db_name:
                 fallback_pg_dumpall(container, user, password, cluster_file)
-                return
+                return True
 
             try:
                 cmd = (
@@ -66,8 +76,15 @@ def backup_database(
                     f"pg_dump -U {user} -d {db_name} -h localhost > {dump_file}"
                 )
                 execute_shell_command(cmd)
+                produced = True
             except BackupException as e:
                 print(f"pg_dump failed: {e}", flush=True)
-                print(f"Falling back to pg_dumpall for instance '{instance_name}'", flush=True)
+                print(
+                    f"Falling back to pg_dumpall for instance '{instance_name}'",
+                    flush=True,
+                )
                 fallback_pg_dumpall(container, user, password, cluster_file)
+                produced = True
             continue
+
+    return produced

src/baudolo/backup/docker.py

@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ def change_containers_status(containers: list[str], status: str) -> None:
 def docker_volume_exists(volume: str) -> bool:
     # Avoid throwing exceptions for exists checks.
     try:
-        execute_shell_command(f"docker volume inspect {volume} >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo OK")
+        execute_shell_command(
+            f"docker volume inspect {volume} >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo OK"
+        )
         return True
     except Exception:
         return False

src/baudolo/backup/volume.py

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ def get_storage_path(volume_name: str) -> str:
     return f"{path}/"
 
 
-def get_last_backup_dir(versions_dir: str, volume_name: str, current_backup_dir: str) -> str | None:
+def get_last_backup_dir(
+    versions_dir: str, volume_name: str, current_backup_dir: str
+) -> str | None:
     versions = sorted(os.listdir(versions_dir), reverse=True)
     for version in versions:
         candidate = os.path.join(versions_dir, version, volume_name, "files", "")
@@ -37,6 +39,8 @@ def backup_volume(versions_dir: str, volume_name: str, volume_dir: str) -> None:
         execute_shell_command(cmd)
     except BackupException as e:
         if "file has vanished" in str(e):
-            print("Warning: Some files vanished before transfer. Continuing.", flush=True)
+            print(
+                "Warning: Some files vanished before transfer. Continuing.", flush=True
+            )
         else:
             raise

src/baudolo/restore/__main__.py

@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     # mariadb
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
-    p_mdb = sub.add_parser("mariadb", help="Restore a single MariaDB/MySQL-compatible dump")
+    p_mdb = sub.add_parser(
+        "mariadb", help="Restore a single MariaDB/MySQL-compatible dump"
+    )
     _add_common_backup_args(p_mdb)
     p_mdb.add_argument("--container", required=True)
     p_mdb.add_argument("--db-name", required=True)

src/baudolo/restore/db/mariadb.py

@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ exit 42
             raise RuntimeError("empty client detection output")
         return out
     except Exception as e:
-        print("ERROR: neither 'mariadb' nor 'mysql' found in container.", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(
+            "ERROR: neither 'mariadb' nor 'mysql' found in container.", file=sys.stderr
+        )
         raise e
 
 
@@ -47,7 +49,14 @@ def restore_mariadb_sql(
         # MariaDB 11 images may not contain the mysql binary at all.
         docker_exec(
             container,
-            [client, "-u", user, f"--password={password}", "-e", "SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;"],
+            [
+                client,
+                "-u",
+                user,
+                f"--password={password}",
+                "-e",
+                "SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;",
+            ],
         )
 
         result = docker_exec(
@@ -80,10 +89,19 @@ def restore_mariadb_sql(
 
         docker_exec(
             container,
-            [client, "-u", user, f"--password={password}", "-e", "SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;"],
+            [
+                client,
+                "-u",
+                user,
+                f"--password={password}",
+                "-e",
+                "SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;",
+            ],
         )
 
     with open(sql_path, "rb") as f:
-        docker_exec(container, [client, "-u", user, f"--password={password}", db_name], stdin=f)
+        docker_exec(
+            container, [client, "-u", user, f"--password={password}", db_name], stdin=f
+        )
 
     print(f"MariaDB/MySQL restore complete for db '{db_name}'.")

src/baudolo/restore/files.py

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ import sys
 from .run import run, docker_volume_exists
 
 
-def restore_volume_files(volume_name: str, backup_files_dir: str, *, rsync_image: str) -> int:
+def restore_volume_files(
+    volume_name: str, backup_files_dir: str, *, rsync_image: str
+) -> int:
     if not os.path.isdir(backup_files_dir):
         print(f"ERROR: backup files dir not found: {backup_files_dir}", file=sys.stderr)
         return 2

src/baudolo/seed/__main__.py

@@ -2,21 +2,24 @@ import pandas as pd
 import argparse
 import os
 
+
 def check_and_add_entry(file_path, instance, database, username, password):
     # Check if the file exists and is not empty
     if os.path.exists(file_path) and os.path.getsize(file_path) > 0:
         # Read the existing CSV file with header
-        df = pd.read_csv(file_path, sep=';')
+        df = pd.read_csv(file_path, sep=";")
     else:
         # Create a new DataFrame with columns if file does not exist
-        df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['instance', 'database', 'username', 'password'])
+        df = pd.DataFrame(columns=["instance", "database", "username", "password"])
 
     # Check if the entry exists and remove it
     mask = (
-        (df['instance'] == instance) &
+        (df["instance"] == instance)
-        ((df['database'] == database) |
+        & (
-        (((df['database'].isna()) | (df['database'] == '')) & (database == ''))) &
+            (df["database"] == database)
-        (df['username'] == username)
+            | (((df["database"].isna()) | (df["database"] == "")) & (database == ""))
+        )
+        & (df["username"] == username)
     )
 
     if not df[mask].empty:
@@ -26,25 +29,40 @@ def check_and_add_entry(file_path, instance, database, username, password):
         print("Adding new entry.")
 
     # Create a new DataFrame for the new entry
-    new_entry = pd.DataFrame([{'instance': instance, 'database': database, 'username': username, 'password': password}])
+    new_entry = pd.DataFrame(
+        [
+            {
+                "instance": instance,
+                "database": database,
+                "username": username,
+                "password": password,
+            }
+        ]
+    )
 
     # Add (or replace) the entry using concat
     df = pd.concat([df, new_entry], ignore_index=True)
 
     # Save the updated CSV file
-    df.to_csv(file_path, sep=';', index=False)
+    df.to_csv(file_path, sep=";", index=False)
+
 
 def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Check and replace (or add) a database entry in a CSV file.")
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Check and replace (or add) a database entry in a CSV file."
+    )
     parser.add_argument("file_path", help="Path to the CSV file")
     parser.add_argument("instance", help="Database instance")
     parser.add_argument("database", help="Database name")
     parser.add_argument("username", help="Username")
-    parser.add_argument("password", nargs='?', default="", help="Password (optional)")
+    parser.add_argument("password", nargs="?", default="", help="Password (optional)")
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
-    check_and_add_entry(args.file_path, args.instance, args.database, args.username, args.password)
+    check_and_add_entry(
+        args.file_path, args.instance, args.database, args.username, args.password
+    )
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

tests/e2e/helpers.py

@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ def run(
         raise
 
 
-def sh(cmd: str, *, capture: bool = True, check: bool = True) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
+def sh(
+    cmd: str, *, capture: bool = True, check: bool = True
+) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
     return run(["sh", "-lc", cmd], capture=capture, check=check)
 
 
@@ -63,24 +65,37 @@ def wait_for_log(container: str, pattern: str, timeout_s: int = 60) -> None:
     raise TimeoutError(f"Timed out waiting for log pattern '{pattern}' in {container}")
 
 
-def wait_for_postgres(container: str, *, user: str = "postgres", timeout_s: int = 90) -> None:
+def wait_for_postgres(
+    container: str, *, user: str = "postgres", timeout_s: int = 90
+) -> None:
     """
     Docker-outside-of-Docker friendly readiness: check from inside the DB container.
     """
     deadline = time.time() + timeout_s
     while time.time() < deadline:
         p = run(
-            ["docker", "exec", container, "sh", "-lc", f"pg_isready -U {user} -h localhost"],
+            [
+                "docker",
+                "exec",
+                container,
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                f"pg_isready -U {user} -h localhost",
+            ],
             capture=True,
             check=False,
         )
         if p.returncode == 0:
             return
         time.sleep(1)
-    raise TimeoutError(f"Timed out waiting for Postgres readiness in container {container}")
+    raise TimeoutError(
+        f"Timed out waiting for Postgres readiness in container {container}"
+    )
 
 
-def wait_for_mariadb(container: str, *, root_password: str, timeout_s: int = 90) -> None:
+def wait_for_mariadb(
+    container: str, *, root_password: str, timeout_s: int = 90
+) -> None:
     """
     Liveness probe for MariaDB.
 
@@ -92,17 +107,28 @@ def wait_for_mariadb(container: str, *, root_password: str, timeout_s: int = 90)
     deadline = time.time() + timeout_s
     while time.time() < deadline:
         p = run(
-            ["docker", "exec", container, "sh", "-lc", "mariadb -uroot --protocol=socket -e \"SELECT 1;\""],
+            [
+                "docker",
+                "exec",
+                container,
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                'mariadb -uroot --protocol=socket -e "SELECT 1;"',
+            ],
             capture=True,
             check=False,
         )
         if p.returncode == 0:
             return
         time.sleep(1)
-    raise TimeoutError(f"Timed out waiting for MariaDB readiness in container {container}")
+    raise TimeoutError(
+        f"Timed out waiting for MariaDB readiness in container {container}"
+    )
 
 
-def wait_for_mariadb_sql(container: str, *, user: str, password: str, timeout_s: int = 90) -> None:
+def wait_for_mariadb_sql(
+    container: str, *, user: str, password: str, timeout_s: int = 90
+) -> None:
     """
     SQL login readiness for the *dedicated test user* over TCP.
 
@@ -118,7 +144,7 @@ def wait_for_mariadb_sql(container: str, *, user: str, password: str, timeout_s:
                 container,
                 "sh",
                 "-lc",
-                f"mariadb -h 127.0.0.1 -u{user} -p{password} -e \"SELECT 1;\"",
+                f'mariadb -h 127.0.0.1 -u{user} -p{password} -e "SELECT 1;"',
             ],
             capture=True,
             check=False,
@@ -126,7 +152,9 @@ def wait_for_mariadb_sql(container: str, *, user: str, password: str, timeout_s:
         if p.returncode == 0:
             return
         time.sleep(1)
-    raise TimeoutError(f"Timed out waiting for MariaDB SQL login readiness in container {container}")
+    raise TimeoutError(
+        f"Timed out waiting for MariaDB SQL login readiness in container {container}"
+    )
 
 
 def backup_run(
@@ -142,13 +170,20 @@ def backup_run(
 ) -> None:
     cmd = [
         "baudolo",
-        "--compose-dir", compose_dir,
+        "--compose-dir",
-        "--docker-compose-hard-restart-required", "mailu",
+        compose_dir,
-        "--repo-name", repo_name,
+        "--docker-compose-hard-restart-required",
-        "--databases-csv", databases_csv,
+        "mailu",
-        "--backups-dir", backups_dir,
+        "--repo-name",
-        "--database-containers", *database_containers,
+        repo_name,
-        "--images-no-stop-required", *images_no_stop_required,
+        "--databases-csv",
+        databases_csv,
+        "--backups-dir",
+        backups_dir,
+        "--database-containers",
+        *database_containers,
+        "--images-no-stop-required",
+        *images_no_stop_required,
     ]
     if images_no_backup_required:
         cmd += ["--images-no-backup-required", *images_no_backup_required]

tests/e2e/test_e2e_dump_only_fallback_to_files.py

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+# tests/e2e/test_e2e_dump_only_fallback_to_files.py
+import unittest
+
+from .helpers import (
+    backup_path,
+    cleanup_docker,
+    create_minimal_compose_dir,
+    ensure_empty_dir,
+    latest_version_dir,
+    require_docker,
+    run,
+    unique,
+    write_databases_csv,
+    wait_for_postgres,
+)
+
+
+class TestE2EDumpOnlyFallbackToFiles(unittest.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:
+        require_docker()
+        cls.prefix = unique("baudolo-e2e-dump-only-fallback")
+        cls.backups_dir = f"/tmp/{cls.prefix}/Backups"
+        ensure_empty_dir(cls.backups_dir)
+
+        cls.compose_dir = create_minimal_compose_dir(f"/tmp/{cls.prefix}")
+        cls.repo_name = cls.prefix
+
+        cls.pg_container = f"{cls.prefix}-pg"
+        cls.pg_volume = f"{cls.prefix}-pg-vol"
+        cls.restore_volume = f"{cls.prefix}-restore-vol"
+
+        cls.containers = [cls.pg_container]
+        cls.volumes = [cls.pg_volume, cls.restore_volume]
+
+        run(["docker", "volume", "create", cls.pg_volume])
+
+        # Start Postgres (creates a real DB volume)
+        run(
+            [
+                "docker",
+                "run",
+                "-d",
+                "--name",
+                cls.pg_container,
+                "-e",
+                "POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pgpw",
+                "-e",
+                "POSTGRES_DB=appdb",
+                "-e",
+                "POSTGRES_USER=postgres",
+                "-v",
+                f"{cls.pg_volume}:/var/lib/postgresql/data",
+                "postgres:16",
+            ]
+        )
+        wait_for_postgres(cls.pg_container, user="postgres", timeout_s=90)
+
+        # Add a deterministic marker file into the volume
+        cls.marker = "dump-only-fallback-marker"
+        run(
+            [
+                "docker",
+                "exec",
+                cls.pg_container,
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                f"echo '{cls.marker}' > /var/lib/postgresql/data/marker.txt",
+            ]
+        )
+
+        # databases.csv WITHOUT matching entry for this instance -> should skip dump
+        cls.databases_csv = f"/tmp/{cls.prefix}/databases.csv"
+        write_databases_csv(cls.databases_csv, [])  # empty except header
+
+        # Run baudolo with --dump-only and a DB container present:
+        # Expected: WARNING + FALLBACK to file backup (files/ must exist)
+        cmd = [
+            "baudolo",
+            "--compose-dir",
+            cls.compose_dir,
+            "--docker-compose-hard-restart-required",
+            "mailu",
+            "--repo-name",
+            cls.repo_name,
+            "--databases-csv",
+            cls.databases_csv,
+            "--backups-dir",
+            cls.backups_dir,
+            "--database-containers",
+            cls.pg_container,
+            "--images-no-stop-required",
+            "postgres",
+            "mariadb",
+            "mysql",
+            "alpine",
+            "--dump-only",
+        ]
+        cp = run(cmd, capture=True, check=True)
+
+        cls.stdout = cp.stdout or ""
+        cls.hash, cls.version = latest_version_dir(cls.backups_dir, cls.repo_name)
+
+        # Restore files into a fresh volume to prove file backup happened
+        run(["docker", "volume", "create", cls.restore_volume])
+        run(
+            [
+                "baudolo-restore",
+                "files",
+                cls.restore_volume,
+                cls.hash,
+                cls.version,
+                "--backups-dir",
+                cls.backups_dir,
+                "--repo-name",
+                cls.repo_name,
+                "--source-volume",
+                cls.pg_volume,
+                "--rsync-image",
+                "ghcr.io/kevinveenbirkenbach/alpine-rsync",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
+        cleanup_docker(containers=cls.containers, volumes=cls.volumes)
+
+    def test_warns_about_missing_dump_in_dump_only_mode(self) -> None:
+        self.assertIn(
+            "WARNING: dump-only requested but no DB dump was produced",
+            self.stdout,
+            f"Expected warning in baudolo output. STDOUT:\n{self.stdout}",
+        )
+
+    def test_files_backup_exists_due_to_fallback(self) -> None:
+        p = backup_path(
+            self.backups_dir,
+            self.repo_name,
+            self.version,
+            self.pg_volume,
+        ) / "files"
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir(), f"Expected files backup dir at: {p}")
+
+    def test_sql_dump_not_present(self) -> None:
+        # There should be no sql dumps because databases.csv had no matching entry.
+        sql_dir = backup_path(
+            self.backups_dir,
+            self.repo_name,
+            self.version,
+            self.pg_volume,
+        ) / "sql"
+        # Could exist (dir created) in some edge cases, but should contain no *.sql dumps.
+        if sql_dir.exists():
+            dumps = list(sql_dir.glob("*.sql"))
+            self.assertEqual(
+                len(dumps),
+                0,
+                f"Did not expect SQL dump files, found: {dumps}",
+            )
+
+    def test_restored_files_contain_marker(self) -> None:
+        p = run(
+            [
+                "docker",
+                "run",
+                "--rm",
+                "-v",
+                f"{self.restore_volume}:/data",
+                "alpine:3.20",
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                "cat /data/marker.txt",
+            ]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual((p.stdout or "").strip(), self.marker)

tests/e2e/test_e2e_files_full.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import unittest
-from pathlib import Path
 
 from .helpers import (
     backup_run,
@@ -33,12 +32,19 @@ class TestE2EFilesFull(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # create source volume with a file
         run(["docker", "volume", "create", cls.volume_src])
-        run([
+        run(
-            "docker", "run", "--rm",
+            [
-            "-v", f"{cls.volume_src}:/data",
+                "docker",
-            "alpine:3.20",
+                "run",
-            "sh", "-lc", "mkdir -p /data && echo 'hello' > /data/hello.txt",
+                "--rm",
-        ])
+                "-v",
+                f"{cls.volume_src}:/data",
+                "alpine:3.20",
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                "mkdir -p /data && echo 'hello' > /data/hello.txt",
+            ]
+        )
 
         # databases.csv (unused, but required by CLI)
         cls.databases_csv = f"/tmp/{cls.prefix}/databases.csv"
@@ -75,20 +81,36 @@ class TestE2EFilesFull(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_restore_files_into_new_volume(self) -> None:
         # restore files from volume_src backup into volume_dst
-        run([
+        run(
-            "baudolo-restore", "files",
+            [
-            self.volume_dst, self.hash, self.version,
+                "baudolo-restore",
-            "--backups-dir", self.backups_dir,
+                "files",
-            "--repo-name", self.repo_name,
+                self.volume_dst,
-            "--source-volume", self.volume_src,
+                self.hash,
-            "--rsync-image", "ghcr.io/kevinveenbirkenbach/alpine-rsync",
+                self.version,
-        ])
+                "--backups-dir",
+                self.backups_dir,
+                "--repo-name",
+                self.repo_name,
+                "--source-volume",
+                self.volume_src,
+                "--rsync-image",
+                "ghcr.io/kevinveenbirkenbach/alpine-rsync",
+            ]
+        )
 
         # verify restored file exists in dst volume
-        p = run([
+        p = run(
-            "docker", "run", "--rm",
+            [
-            "-v", f"{self.volume_dst}:/data",
+                "docker",
-            "alpine:3.20",
+                "run",
-            "sh", "-lc", "cat /data/hello.txt",
+                "--rm",
-        ])
+                "-v",
+                f"{self.volume_dst}:/data",
+                "alpine:3.20",
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                "cat /data/hello.txt",
+            ]
+        )
         self.assertEqual((p.stdout or "").strip(), "hello")

tests/e2e/test_e2e_files_no_copy.py

@@ -31,12 +31,19 @@ class TestE2EFilesNoCopy(unittest.TestCase):
         cls.volumes = [cls.volume_src, cls.volume_dst]
 
         run(["docker", "volume", "create", cls.volume_src])
-        run([
+        run(
-            "docker", "run", "--rm",
+            [
-            "-v", f"{cls.volume_src}:/data",
+                "docker",
-            "alpine:3.20",
+                "run",
-            "sh", "-lc", "echo 'hello' > /data/hello.txt",
+                "--rm",
-        ])
+                "-v",
+                f"{cls.volume_src}:/data",
+                "alpine:3.20",
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                "echo 'hello' > /data/hello.txt",
+            ]
+        )
 
         cls.databases_csv = f"/tmp/{cls.prefix}/databases.csv"
         write_databases_csv(cls.databases_csv, [])
@@ -59,14 +66,29 @@ class TestE2EFilesNoCopy(unittest.TestCase):
         cleanup_docker(containers=cls.containers, volumes=cls.volumes)
 
     def test_files_backup_not_present(self) -> None:
-        p = backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.volume_src) / "files"
+        p = (
+            backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.volume_src)
+            / "files"
+        )
         self.assertFalse(p.exists(), f"Did not expect files backup dir at: {p}")
 
     def test_restore_files_fails_expected(self) -> None:
-        p = run([
+        p = run(
-            "baudolo-restore", "files",
+            [
-            self.volume_dst, self.hash, self.version,
+                "baudolo-restore",
-            "--backups-dir", self.backups_dir,
+                "files",
-            "--repo-name", self.repo_name,
+                self.volume_dst,
-        ], check=False)
+                self.hash,
-        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 2, f"Expected exitcode 2, got {p.returncode}\nSTDOUT={p.stdout}\nSTDERR={p.stderr}")
+                self.version,
+                "--backups-dir",
+                self.backups_dir,
+                "--repo-name",
+                self.repo_name,
+            ],
+            check=False,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            p.returncode,
+            2,
+            f"Expected exitcode 2, got {p.returncode}\nSTDOUT={p.stdout}\nSTDERR={p.stderr}",
+        )

tests/e2e/test_e2e_mariadb_full.py

@@ -62,8 +62,12 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBFull(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         # Liveness + actual SQL login readiness (TCP)
-        wait_for_mariadb(cls.db_container, root_password=cls.root_password, timeout_s=90)
+        wait_for_mariadb(
-        wait_for_mariadb_sql(cls.db_container, user=cls.db_user, password=cls.db_password, timeout_s=90)
+            cls.db_container, root_password=cls.root_password, timeout_s=90
+        )
+        wait_for_mariadb_sql(
+            cls.db_container, user=cls.db_user, password=cls.db_password, timeout_s=90
+        )
 
         # Create table + data via the dedicated user (TCP)
         run(
@@ -74,14 +78,17 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBFull(unittest.TestCase):
                 "sh",
                 "-lc",
                 f"mariadb -h 127.0.0.1 -u{cls.db_user} -p{cls.db_password} "
-                f"-e \"CREATE TABLE {cls.db_name}.t (id INT PRIMARY KEY, v VARCHAR(50)); "
+                f'-e "CREATE TABLE {cls.db_name}.t (id INT PRIMARY KEY, v VARCHAR(50)); '
                 f"INSERT INTO {cls.db_name}.t VALUES (1,'ok');\"",
             ]
         )
 
         cls.databases_csv = f"/tmp/{cls.prefix}/databases.csv"
         # IMPORTANT: baudolo backup expects credentials for the DB dump.
-        write_databases_csv(cls.databases_csv, [(cls.db_container, cls.db_name, cls.db_user, cls.db_password)])
+        write_databases_csv(
+            cls.databases_csv,
+            [(cls.db_container, cls.db_name, cls.db_user, cls.db_password)],
+        )
 
         # Backup with file+dump
         backup_run(
@@ -104,7 +111,7 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBFull(unittest.TestCase):
                 "sh",
                 "-lc",
                 f"mariadb -h 127.0.0.1 -u{cls.db_user} -p{cls.db_password} "
-                f"-e \"DROP TABLE {cls.db_name}.t;\"",
+                f'-e "DROP TABLE {cls.db_name}.t;"',
             ]
         )
 
@@ -137,7 +144,11 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBFull(unittest.TestCase):
         cleanup_docker(containers=cls.containers, volumes=cls.volumes)
 
     def test_dump_file_exists(self) -> None:
-        p = backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.db_volume) / "sql" / f"{self.db_name}.backup.sql"
+        p = (
+            backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.db_volume)
+            / "sql"
+            / f"{self.db_name}.backup.sql"
+        )
         self.assertTrue(p.is_file(), f"Expected dump file at: {p}")
 
     def test_data_restored(self) -> None:
@@ -149,7 +160,7 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBFull(unittest.TestCase):
                 "sh",
                 "-lc",
                 f"mariadb -h 127.0.0.1 -u{self.db_user} -p{self.db_password} "
-                f"-N -e \"SELECT v FROM {self.db_name}.t WHERE id=1;\"",
+                f'-N -e "SELECT v FROM {self.db_name}.t WHERE id=1;"',
             ]
         )
         self.assertEqual((p.stdout or "").strip(), "ok")

tests/e2e/test_e2e_mariadb_no_copy.py

@@ -60,8 +60,12 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBNoCopy(unittest.TestCase):
             ]
         )
 
-        wait_for_mariadb(cls.db_container, root_password=cls.root_password, timeout_s=90)
+        wait_for_mariadb(
-        wait_for_mariadb_sql(cls.db_container, user=cls.db_user, password=cls.db_password, timeout_s=90)
+            cls.db_container, root_password=cls.root_password, timeout_s=90
+        )
+        wait_for_mariadb_sql(
+            cls.db_container, user=cls.db_user, password=cls.db_password, timeout_s=90
+        )
 
         # Create table + data (TCP)
         run(
@@ -72,13 +76,16 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBNoCopy(unittest.TestCase):
                 "sh",
                 "-lc",
                 f"mariadb -h 127.0.0.1 -u{cls.db_user} -p{cls.db_password} "
-                f"-e \"CREATE TABLE {cls.db_name}.t (id INT PRIMARY KEY, v VARCHAR(50)); "
+                f'-e "CREATE TABLE {cls.db_name}.t (id INT PRIMARY KEY, v VARCHAR(50)); '
                 f"INSERT INTO {cls.db_name}.t VALUES (1,'ok');\"",
             ]
         )
 
         cls.databases_csv = f"/tmp/{cls.prefix}/databases.csv"
-        write_databases_csv(cls.databases_csv, [(cls.db_container, cls.db_name, cls.db_user, cls.db_password)])
+        write_databases_csv(
+            cls.databases_csv,
+            [(cls.db_container, cls.db_name, cls.db_user, cls.db_password)],
+        )
 
         # dump-only => no files
         backup_run(
@@ -102,7 +109,7 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBNoCopy(unittest.TestCase):
                 "sh",
                 "-lc",
                 f"mariadb -h 127.0.0.1 -u{cls.db_user} -p{cls.db_password} "
-                f"-e \"DROP TABLE {cls.db_name}.t;\"",
+                f'-e "DROP TABLE {cls.db_name}.t;"',
             ]
         )
 
@@ -135,7 +142,10 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBNoCopy(unittest.TestCase):
         cleanup_docker(containers=cls.containers, volumes=cls.volumes)
 
     def test_files_backup_not_present(self) -> None:
-        p = backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.db_volume) / "files"
+        p = (
+            backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.db_volume)
+            / "files"
+        )
         self.assertFalse(p.exists(), f"Did not expect files backup dir at: {p}")
 
     def test_data_restored(self) -> None:
@@ -147,7 +157,7 @@ class TestE2EMariaDBNoCopy(unittest.TestCase):
                 "sh",
                 "-lc",
                 f"mariadb -h 127.0.0.1 -u{self.db_user} -p{self.db_password} "
-                f"-N -e \"SELECT v FROM {self.db_name}.t WHERE id=1;\"",
+                f'-N -e "SELECT v FROM {self.db_name}.t WHERE id=1;"',
             ]
         )
         self.assertEqual((p.stdout or "").strip(), "ok")

tests/e2e/test_e2e_postgres_full.py

@@ -33,26 +33,42 @@ class TestE2EPostgresFull(unittest.TestCase):
 
         run(["docker", "volume", "create", cls.pg_volume])
 
-        run([
+        run(
-            "docker", "run", "-d",
+            [
-            "--name", cls.pg_container,
+                "docker",
-            "-e", "POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pgpw",
+                "run",
-            "-e", "POSTGRES_DB=appdb",
+                "-d",
-            "-e", "POSTGRES_USER=postgres",
+                "--name",
-            "-v", f"{cls.pg_volume}:/var/lib/postgresql/data",
+                cls.pg_container,
-            "postgres:16",
+                "-e",
-        ])
+                "POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pgpw",
+                "-e",
+                "POSTGRES_DB=appdb",
+                "-e",
+                "POSTGRES_USER=postgres",
+                "-v",
+                f"{cls.pg_volume}:/var/lib/postgresql/data",
+                "postgres:16",
+            ]
+        )
         wait_for_postgres(cls.pg_container, user="postgres", timeout_s=90)
 
         # Create a table + data
-        run([
+        run(
-            "docker", "exec", cls.pg_container,
+            [
-            "sh", "-lc",
+                "docker",
-            "psql -U postgres -d appdb -c \"CREATE TABLE t (id int primary key, v text); INSERT INTO t VALUES (1,'ok');\"",
+                "exec",
-        ])
+                cls.pg_container,
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                "psql -U postgres -d appdb -c \"CREATE TABLE t (id int primary key, v text); INSERT INTO t VALUES (1,'ok');\"",
+            ]
+        )
 
         cls.databases_csv = f"/tmp/{cls.prefix}/databases.csv"
-        write_databases_csv(cls.databases_csv, [(cls.pg_container, "appdb", "postgres", "pgpw")])
+        write_databases_csv(
+            cls.databases_csv, [(cls.pg_container, "appdb", "postgres", "pgpw")]
+        )
 
         backup_run(
             backups_dir=cls.backups_dir,
@@ -66,37 +82,62 @@ class TestE2EPostgresFull(unittest.TestCase):
         cls.hash, cls.version = latest_version_dir(cls.backups_dir, cls.repo_name)
 
         # Wipe schema
-        run([
+        run(
-            "docker", "exec", cls.pg_container,
+            [
-            "sh", "-lc",
+                "docker",
-            "psql -U postgres -d appdb -c \"DROP TABLE t;\"",
+                "exec",
-        ])
+                cls.pg_container,
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                'psql -U postgres -d appdb -c "DROP TABLE t;"',
+            ]
+        )
 
         # Restore
-        run([
+        run(
-            "baudolo-restore", "postgres",
+            [
-            cls.pg_volume, cls.hash, cls.version,
+                "baudolo-restore",
-            "--backups-dir", cls.backups_dir,
+                "postgres",
-            "--repo-name", cls.repo_name,
+                cls.pg_volume,
-            "--container", cls.pg_container,
+                cls.hash,
-            "--db-name", "appdb",
+                cls.version,
-            "--db-user", "postgres",
+                "--backups-dir",
-            "--db-password", "pgpw",
+                cls.backups_dir,
-            "--empty",
+                "--repo-name",
-        ])
+                cls.repo_name,
+                "--container",
+                cls.pg_container,
+                "--db-name",
+                "appdb",
+                "--db-user",
+                "postgres",
+                "--db-password",
+                "pgpw",
+                "--empty",
+            ]
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
         cleanup_docker(containers=cls.containers, volumes=cls.volumes)
 
     def test_dump_file_exists(self) -> None:
-        p = backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.pg_volume) / "sql" / "appdb.backup.sql"
+        p = (
+            backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.pg_volume)
+            / "sql"
+            / "appdb.backup.sql"
+        )
         self.assertTrue(p.is_file(), f"Expected dump file at: {p}")
 
     def test_data_restored(self) -> None:
-        p = run([
+        p = run(
-            "docker", "exec", self.pg_container,
+            [
-            "sh", "-lc",
+                "docker",
-            "psql -U postgres -d appdb -t -c \"SELECT v FROM t WHERE id=1;\"",
+                "exec",
-        ])
+                self.pg_container,
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                'psql -U postgres -d appdb -t -c "SELECT v FROM t WHERE id=1;"',
+            ]
+        )
         self.assertEqual((p.stdout or "").strip(), "ok")

tests/e2e/test_e2e_postgres_no_copy.py

@@ -32,25 +32,41 @@ class TestE2EPostgresNoCopy(unittest.TestCase):
         cls.volumes = [cls.pg_volume]
 
         run(["docker", "volume", "create", cls.pg_volume])
-        run([
+        run(
-            "docker", "run", "-d",
+            [
-            "--name", cls.pg_container,
+                "docker",
-            "-e", "POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pgpw",
+                "run",
-            "-e", "POSTGRES_DB=appdb",
+                "-d",
-            "-e", "POSTGRES_USER=postgres",
+                "--name",
-            "-v", f"{cls.pg_volume}:/var/lib/postgresql/data",
+                cls.pg_container,
-            "postgres:16",
+                "-e",
-        ])
+                "POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pgpw",
+                "-e",
+                "POSTGRES_DB=appdb",
+                "-e",
+                "POSTGRES_USER=postgres",
+                "-v",
+                f"{cls.pg_volume}:/var/lib/postgresql/data",
+                "postgres:16",
+            ]
+        )
         wait_for_postgres(cls.pg_container, user="postgres", timeout_s=90)
 
-        run([
+        run(
-            "docker", "exec", cls.pg_container,
+            [
-            "sh", "-lc",
+                "docker",
-            "psql -U postgres -d appdb -c \"CREATE TABLE t (id int primary key, v text); INSERT INTO t VALUES (1,'ok');\"",
+                "exec",
-        ])
+                cls.pg_container,
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                "psql -U postgres -d appdb -c \"CREATE TABLE t (id int primary key, v text); INSERT INTO t VALUES (1,'ok');\"",
+            ]
+        )
 
         cls.databases_csv = f"/tmp/{cls.prefix}/databases.csv"
-        write_databases_csv(cls.databases_csv, [(cls.pg_container, "appdb", "postgres", "pgpw")])
+        write_databases_csv(
+            cls.databases_csv, [(cls.pg_container, "appdb", "postgres", "pgpw")]
+        )
 
         backup_run(
             backups_dir=cls.backups_dir,
@@ -64,36 +80,60 @@ class TestE2EPostgresNoCopy(unittest.TestCase):
 
         cls.hash, cls.version = latest_version_dir(cls.backups_dir, cls.repo_name)
 
-        run([
+        run(
-            "docker", "exec", cls.pg_container,
+            [
-            "sh", "-lc",
+                "docker",
-            "psql -U postgres -d appdb -c \"DROP TABLE t;\"",
+                "exec",
-        ])
+                cls.pg_container,
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                'psql -U postgres -d appdb -c "DROP TABLE t;"',
+            ]
+        )
 
-        run([
+        run(
-            "baudolo-restore", "postgres",
+            [
-            cls.pg_volume, cls.hash, cls.version,
+                "baudolo-restore",
-            "--backups-dir", cls.backups_dir,
+                "postgres",
-            "--repo-name", cls.repo_name,
+                cls.pg_volume,
-            "--container", cls.pg_container,
+                cls.hash,
-            "--db-name", "appdb",
+                cls.version,
-            "--db-user", "postgres",
+                "--backups-dir",
-            "--db-password", "pgpw",
+                cls.backups_dir,
-            "--empty",
+                "--repo-name",
-        ])
+                cls.repo_name,
+                "--container",
+                cls.pg_container,
+                "--db-name",
+                "appdb",
+                "--db-user",
+                "postgres",
+                "--db-password",
+                "pgpw",
+                "--empty",
+            ]
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
         cleanup_docker(containers=cls.containers, volumes=cls.volumes)
 
     def test_files_backup_not_present(self) -> None:
-        p = backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.pg_volume) / "files"
+        p = (
+            backup_path(self.backups_dir, self.repo_name, self.version, self.pg_volume)
+            / "files"
+        )
         self.assertFalse(p.exists(), f"Did not expect files backup dir at: {p}")
 
     def test_data_restored(self) -> None:
-        p = run([
+        p = run(
-            "docker", "exec", self.pg_container,
+            [
-            "sh", "-lc",
+                "docker",
-            "psql -U postgres -d appdb -t -c \"SELECT v FROM t WHERE id=1;\"",
+                "exec",
-        ])
+                self.pg_container,
+                "sh",
+                "-lc",
+                'psql -U postgres -d appdb -t -c "SELECT v FROM t WHERE id=1;"',
+            ]
+        )
         self.assertEqual((p.stdout or "").strip(), "ok")

tests/integration/test_seed_integration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import csv
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def run_seed(
+    csv_path: Path, instance: str, database: str, username: str, password: str = ""
+) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
+    # Run the real CLI module (integration-style).
+    return subprocess.run(
+        [
+            sys.executable,
+            "-m",
+            "baudolo.seed",
+            str(csv_path),
+            instance,
+            database,
+            username,
+            password,
+        ],
+        text=True,
+        capture_output=True,
+        check=True,
+    )
+
+
+def read_csv_semicolon(path: Path) -> list[dict]:
+    with path.open("r", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as f:
+        reader = csv.DictReader(f, delimiter=";")
+        return list(reader)
+
+
+class TestSeedIntegration(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_creates_file_and_adds_entry_when_missing(self) -> None:
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+            p = Path(td) / "databases.csv"
+            self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+
+            cp = run_seed(p, "docker.test", "appdb", "alice", "secret")
+
+            self.assertEqual(cp.returncode, 0, cp.stderr)
+            self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+
+            rows = read_csv_semicolon(p)
+            self.assertEqual(len(rows), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["instance"], "docker.test")
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["database"], "appdb")
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["username"], "alice")
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["password"], "secret")
+
+    def test_replaces_existing_entry_same_keys(self) -> None:
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+            p = Path(td) / "databases.csv"
+
+            # First add
+            run_seed(p, "docker.test", "appdb", "alice", "oldpw")
+            rows = read_csv_semicolon(p)
+            self.assertEqual(len(rows), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["password"], "oldpw")
+
+            # Replace (same instance+database+username)
+            run_seed(p, "docker.test", "appdb", "alice", "newpw")
+            rows = read_csv_semicolon(p)
+
+            self.assertEqual(len(rows), 1, "Expected replacement, not a duplicate row")
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["instance"], "docker.test")
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["database"], "appdb")
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["username"], "alice")
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["password"], "newpw")
+
+    def test_database_empty_string_matches_existing_empty_database(self) -> None:
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+            p = Path(td) / "databases.csv"
+
+            # Add with empty database
+            run_seed(p, "docker.test", "", "alice", "pw1")
+            rows = read_csv_semicolon(p)
+            self.assertEqual(len(rows), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["database"], "")
+
+            # Replace with empty database again
+            run_seed(p, "docker.test", "", "alice", "pw2")
+            rows = read_csv_semicolon(p)
+
+            self.assertEqual(len(rows), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["database"], "")
+            self.assertEqual(rows[0]["password"], "pw2")

tests/unit/test_backup.py

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ from baudolo.backup.app import requires_stop
 
 class TestRequiresStop(unittest.TestCase):
     @patch("baudolo.backup.app.get_image_info")
-    def test_requires_stop_false_when_all_images_are_whitelisted(self, mock_get_image_info):
+    def test_requires_stop_false_when_all_images_are_whitelisted(
+        self, mock_get_image_info
+    ):
         # All containers use images containing allowed substrings
         mock_get_image_info.side_effect = [
             "repo/mastodon:v4",
@@ -17,7 +19,9 @@ class TestRequiresStop(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(requires_stop(containers, whitelist))
 
     @patch("baudolo.backup.app.get_image_info")
-    def test_requires_stop_true_when_any_image_is_not_whitelisted(self, mock_get_image_info):
+    def test_requires_stop_true_when_any_image_is_not_whitelisted(
+        self, mock_get_image_info
+    ):
         mock_get_image_info.side_effect = [
             "repo/mastodon:v4",
             "repo/nginx:latest",