Fix CI Docker-in-Docker deployment, introduce vfs storage-driver, add inner dockerd bootstrap, enable portable json-file logging when running inside a container, and update workflow triggers for multi-branch testing.

Includes:
- Rewrite of test-deploy workflow to use isolated inner dockerd with privileged mode.
- Switch logging drivers to 'json-file' when IS_CONTAINER=true for compatibility with non-systemd CI runners.
- Adjust Dockerfile to install docker CLI and simplify package setup.
- Improve inventory creation and deploy steps for CI stability.
- Fully compatible with Ansible 2.20 variable handling.

Conversation reference:
https://chatgpt.com/share/6930e285-9604-800f-aad8-7a81c928548c

roles/web-app-jenkins/templates/docker-compose.yml.j2

@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@
         - "127.0.0.1:{{ ports.localhost.http[application_id] }}:8080"
       volumes:
         - jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home
-      log_driver: journald
+      log_driver: {{ "json-file" if IS_CONTAINER | bool else 'journald' }}
 {% include 'roles/docker-compose/templates/networks.yml.j2' %}